Back to basic: Law 法例

今日就黎對比一下香港,澳洲, 美國既航空例~

香港 (Hong Kong)

香港既法規有主體條例 (Ordinance) 同子規例 (Regulations)…

係DOJ e-legislation 可以搵到相關既法規 (我統稱叫 「例」)

https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/index/chapternumber?TYPE=1&TYPE=2&TYPE=3&LANGUAGE=E&p0=1&CAP_NO_FR=447&CAP_NO_TO=449

1 條主體條例 ; 7 條子法規

Note: 上面講既都只係飛機 (機師)既野…但機場其實由機管局營運…而佢地都有一套法規!!!

再落去就係民航處 (Civil Aviation Department) 既Standards / CAD document/ HKAR (Hong Kong Aviation Requirements)

呢D類似勞工處既 Code of Practices (CoP)…甚至係法規之下, CoP 之上既 “Rules”

Example:

當然仲有一D information 類既Publications 叫AC (Advisory Circular)/ AIC (Aeronautical Information Circular)

https://www.cad.gov.hk/english/aeromedical.html

https://www.cad.gov.hk/english/safetylinks4.html

AC: https://www.cad.gov.hk/documents/AC-001_E.pdf

AIC: https://www.cad.gov.hk/english/pdf/AIC09-20.pdf

澳洲 (Australia)

Ref VFRG

澳洲AV例有「新世界」(CASR) 同「舊世界」(CAR)

CASR 會慢慢取代 CAR ; 而 CASR 某程度係抄住US FAR

Tier 1

The Civil Aviation Act 1988 establishes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and sets out its functions which are chiefly to conduct the safety regulation of (a) civil
air operations in Australian territory; and (b) the operation of Australian aircraft outside Australian territory.

Tier 2

The Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR)
With the gradual expansion of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 most CAR will be repealed. However, the CARs will remain for the time being until transferred
to the CASR or repealed.

The Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)
The CASR will ultimately incorporate most of the CAR. The numbering system for the CASR Parts generally follow the US Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR).

Tier 3

Manual of Standards (MOS)
The MOS provide the detail of any standards referred to in the CASR. They have in many cases been developed from the CAO. They also include conditions on AOC’s imposed under the Act.

Civil Aviation Orders (CAO)
The CAO’s set out the detail of the standards referred to in the CAR. Most will be repealed as additional standards are added to the MOS to support the CASR. Some will remain as CAO to support parts of the CAR that are not repealed or replaced by the CASR.

https://www.casa.gov.au/rules/regulatory-framework/casas-regulatory-framework#Advisorydocuments

USA 美國

美國D 例我吾多睇…但從FAA官網可以攞到basic info:

https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/faa_regulations

• General Operating and Flight Rules (Title 14 CFR Part 91)
• Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors (Title 14 CFR Part 61)
• Pilot Schools (Title 14 CFR Part 141)

其實CFR Title 14 都包左好多野, 當中不同 Part 就cover 不同topic~