Back to basic: Law 法例
October 1, 2024
今日就黎對比一下香港,澳洲, 美國既航空例~ 香港 (Hong Kong) 香港既法規有主體條例 (Ordinance) 同子規例 (Regulations)… 係DOJ e-legislation 可以搵到相關既法規 (我統稱叫 「例」) https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/index/chapternumber?TYPE=1&TYPE=2&TYPE=3&LANGUAGE=E&p0=1&CAP_NO_FR=447&CAP_NO_TO=449 1 條主體條例 ; 7 條子法規 448 Civil Aviation Ordinance 448A Air Transport (Licensing of Air Services) Regulations 448B Hong Kong Civil Aviation (Investigation of Accidents) Regulations 448C Air Navigation (Hong Kong) Order 1995 448D Hong
Scale: VTC, VNC, WAC
October 1, 2024
Ref VFRG Chapter 1 P.5 1 cm in below charts – VTC : 1.35 NM (Nautical Miles) VNC : 2.7 NM (Nautical Miles) WAC : 5.4 NM (Nautical Miles) Visual terminal charts (VTC) simplified topographical charts highlighting features/ structures helpful to visual navigation at a 1:250,000 scale with airspace detail Visual navigation charts (VNC)
Supplemental Oxygen Requirements (Provision of oxygen)
September 26, 2024
USA : 12,500 feetAustralia : 10 000 feetHK: flight level （FL) 100 USA https://www.flyingmag.com/private-pilot-supplemental-oxygen-requirements/ 91.211 Supplemental oxygen. (a) General. No person may operate a civil aircraft of U.S. registry— (1) At cabin pressure altitudes above 12,500 feet (MSL) up to and including 14,000 feet (MSL) unless the required minimum flight crew is provided with and uses supplemental oxygen
Cloud formation 夠竟係吸定放latent heat?
September 14, 2024
https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/clouds/cloud_development/clouds.htm Formation of cloud requires a continuation of the lifting process. It is assisted by the property of water of giving off heat when changing from vapor to liquid and solid states, the latent heats of condensation and of deposition, respectively. (If the vapor first changes to a liquid before freezing, then we also have
Disk brake (Disc brake)
September 8, 2024
Modern general aircarft (GA) and airliner are also use disc brake Types of disk brake (disc brake) Singel disc Multi-disc Composition of disc? Steel Carbon Modern airliner tends to use carbon multi-disc. Advantage of disc type actuator? more effective at slowing or stopping improve the issue on drum brake (less fading problem) light
Drum brakes
September 8, 2024
Drum brake – not used on modern aircraft Advantage of drum brake? faster response time Weakness of drum brake ? not efficient suffer of brake fade OSH issue – asbestos
Airbus Parking Brake – Check the Pressure
September 8, 2024
Why chocks should be used? Prevent “hot brakes” situation (main reason) Simply speaking, the procedure for parking brake pressure check is : https://youtu.be/eTgVPbSk7CI?si=3aUIvvEVTQynZP7l
Clouds 雲
September 8, 2024
Ref: https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/clouds.html 雲係一種同水有關既大氣現象 A cloud is a hydrometeor consisting of minute particles of liquid water or ice, or of both, suspended in the atmosphere and usually not touching the ground. It may also include larger particles of liquid water or ice, as well as non-aqueous liquid or solid particles such as those present in fumes, smoke or
Types of meteors (WMO)
September 8, 2024
Ref : https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/general-classification-of-meteors.html (4) Four types of meteors (WMO): 水 moisture related 光 light related 電 electrical related 塵 dust and particle related Meteors present a great diversity of character. However, by considering their constituent particles or the physical processes surrounding their occurrence, meteors can be classified into four groups: hydrometeors, lithometeors, photometeors and electrometeors. 大氣現象呈現出多種多樣的特徵。但是，根據它們的組成粒子或它們發生期間的物理過程，大氣現象可以分為四組：水凝物、大氣塵粒現象、大氣光學現象 和 大氣電學現象。
meteor (流星) ; meteor (大氣現象)
September 8, 2024
Today, let us do some revision on basic. Ref : https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/meteorological-definition-of-a-meteor.html Meteorological definition of a meteor – according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) In meteorology, a phenomenon observed in the atmosphere or on the surface of the Earth is known as a meteor. 在氣象學中，在大氣層或地球表面觀測到的現象稱為大氣現象。 It may be a form of precipitation, a suspension
Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors (WMO)
September 7, 2024
What’s adiabatic?
September 7, 2024
Reference Adiabatic process – Wikipedia No heat transfer (= heat does not enter or leave the system) A type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment.
What’s Anabatic wind , Katabatic wind?
September 7, 2024
Ref Anabatic Wind | SKYbrary Aviation Safety, Katabatic Wind | SKYbrary Aviation Safety Air flow travelling up a facing slope of an orographic surface (eg. hill, mountain). A cold flow of air travelling down an orographic slope (eg. hill or mountain). Please be reminded that Katabatic wind does not heat up adiabatically! 而Anabatic
How The Aircraft’s Air Brake Works
September 4, 2024
根據呢條片 – B777 B777 用 disc-brakes?! Main gear wheels – carbon disc-brakes Nose gear wheels – do not have brakes Braking system – 3大層次 Normal 用Right hydraulic Alternate/ Reserve 用Center hydraulic Accumulator 用Right hydraulic Functions: Store pressure Parking brake Wheel brakes B777 用 Hydraulic to power the brake system! 而B777 用的actuator 是carbon discs! Braking
Airmanship
August 31, 2024
Reference: Skybrary Airmanship – Definition “Airmanship” is the consistent use of good judgment and well-developed skills to accomplish flight objectives. This consistency is founded on a cornerstone of uncompromising flight discipline and is developed through systematic skill acquisition and proficiency. Below are the Tony Kern Model : Discipline – a.k.a Flight Discipline – ability
