What’s VFR, IFR?
August 29, 2024
Back to basic: 揸車就無instrument driving…不過睇黎指日可待…講番揸飛機… Reference: Skybrary, VFRG (CASA) VFR Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are the rules that govern the operation of aircraft in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) (conditions in which flight solely by visual reference is possible). Because of the limited communication and/or navigation equipment required for VFR flight, a VFR aircraft may be subject to
Depressurization (Decompression)
August 28, 2024
Reference: https://www.touringmachine.com/Articles/commercial/3407/
A350 cockpit
August 25, 2024
Cockpit 3D https://visites360.aircaraibes.com/a350virtual/index.html 5 reasons pilots love flying the A350 Reference: https://aircraft.airbus.com/en/5-reasons-pilots-love-flying-the-a350 Designed by pilots for pilots pilots are involved in design process Six large touchscreen displays excellent cross-cockpit visibility optimum flexibility for displaying information introduction of touchscreens Enhanced to reduce workload and raise awareness dual Head Up Display (HUD) ‘What if’ function
民航機的空調系統
August 25, 2024
Function of air condition system improve passenger comfort – air conditioning ventilation – exchange fresh air maintain cabin pressure Component of air conditioning system? B777/A350 for example – Bleed air (from APU/Engine) -> Primary heat exchanger ->air cycle machine (compressor) -> Main heat exchanger -> air cycle machine (Turbine) -> Water separator -> Mixer
Fun fact : Prime Meridian 會變嗎? (Prime meridian ≠ International Reference Meridian)
August 25, 2024
Reference: https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/astronomy/prime-meridian-unmoved 21 Aug 2015 In August 2015 a paper was published by scientists in the US explaining why the Prime Meridian at the Royal Observatory Greenwich is 102 metres to the west of the prime meridian used by satellite based navigation and timekeeping, known as the International Reference Meridian or IRM. The paper created
Gust front v.s Microburst?
August 24, 2024
Microburst affect smaller area (say around 2.5 miles), and short-lived (last for 5-10 minutes) Gust front affect wider area (say up to 20 miles) A microburst is a small concentrated downburst that produces an outward burst of strong winds at or near the surface. Microbursts are small — less than 4 km across — and short-lived, lasting
Typical causes of windshear and turbulence at VHHH?
August 24, 2024
Ref: https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/aviat/articles/files/booklet_4th_edition.pdf (6) Six typical causes of windshear and turbulence in Hong Kong: Terrain induced strong winds blowing across the hills over Lantau Island to the south of the airport (account for 75% of reported windshear) Sea breeze account for 15% of reported windshear Gust front (thunderstorm related) Microburst (thunderstorm related) Building induced Low level
Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) – 一個同turbulence intensity 有關既詞彙!
August 24, 2024
Reference: https://www.flyingmag.com/how-do-you-interpret-an-eddy-dissipation-rate/ EDR quantifies turbulence for a specific aircraft, and it’s not a measure of the likelihood of turbulence—just the intensity. ERR – Eddy Dissipation Rate 的三件事 refer to specific aircraft (type specific) describe the intensity of turbulence 同turbulence 發生機率無關 EDR 愈高代表Turbulence 對果類機既影響愈大 EDR is an observed or forecast value that is
VHHH windshear and turbulence information
August 24, 2024
Reference: https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/aviat/articles/files/booklet_4th_edition.pdf Two ways to deliver W/S or TURB information in VHHH Warning – via Voice-ATIS, Digital-ATIS (D-ATIS) Alert – generated automatically by the real time “up-to-the-minute” Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS), but passed to the aircraft via ATC Two levels of of Windshear alerts Microburst alert (MBA) – expect headwind loss of
Turbulence v.s Wind Shear
August 24, 2024
With reference to HKO publication: Windshear – sustained change (i.e lasting more than a few seconds as experienced by the aircraft) in the wind direction and/or speed, resulting in a change in the headwind or tailwind encountered by an aircraft change in lift (usually decrease lift), and cause the aircraft to go below the intended
Thunderstorm, CB?
August 23, 2024
(4) four main types of thunderstorm Single-cell small, and isolated storm Multi-cell a cluster of single-cell Squall line a line of thunderstorm Super cell very strong thunderstorm, and capable of producting tornadoes Criteria of forming thunderstorm (CB) unstable atmoshpere (warm air) moisture (larage amount) lifting mechanism (trigger action) (5) five types of lifting
Just culture
August 22, 2024
Also take reference: https://www.caa.co.uk/media/sf3eiszu/fwm20160629_06_just-culture.pdf A culture in which front-line operators or other persons are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are with their experience and training, but in which gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts are.
Indication of coffin corner on PFD?
August 21, 2024
On Boeing aircraft, the red barber pole is the indication of approaching coffin corner~ What’s coffin corner?
DME – Distance Measure Equipment
August 21, 2024
Function of DME? provide distance information (measure the slant distance between the DME station and aircraft) Component of DME? DME ground station (usually combined with VOR) Aircraft DME unit Principle of DME? DME unit onboard the aircraft, that send out interrogation signal to ground DME station Ground DEM station give reply – send
ILS-Z, Y, X?
August 21, 2024
What can be different? ILS frequency Waypoint Descend profile CAT type RNP requirement MAP (miss-approach) procedure
CX Routes
August 21, 2024
Europe France Paris CET/UTC+1 CEST/ UTCs+2 HKG-CDG CX261 77W 5187 NM FT: 13:15 STD: 2350LT STA: 0735LT CDG-HKG CX260 77W 5187 NM FT: 11:15 STD: 1210LT STA: 0615LT Germany Frankfurt CET/UTC+1 CEST/ UTCs+2 HKG-FRA CX289 359/35K 4952 NM FT: 12:40 STD: 2355LT STA: 0715LT FRA-HKG CX288 359/35K 4952 NM FT:
ILS – Instrument Landing System
August 21, 2024
ILS (Instrument Landing System) is used for precision approach, particular useful for low visibility condition and/or bad weather. Component of ILS Localizer Glide slope Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) or Marker Beacons Runway lights 留意飛機方向!!! Function of each components: Localizer Guide the aircraft to the centerline of the runway (lateral guidance) Glide slope Guide the
