Back to basic: Law 法例
今日就黎對比一下香港,澳洲, 美國既航空例~ 香港 (Hong Kong) 香港既法規有主體條例 (Ordinance) 同子規例 (Regulations)… 係DOJ e-legislation 可以搵到相關既法規 (我統稱叫 「例」) https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/index/chapternumber?TYPE=1&TYPE=2&TYPE=3&LANGUAGE=E&p0=1&CAP_NO_FR=447&CAP_NO_TO=449 1 條主體條例 ; 7 條子法規 448 Civil Aviation Ordinance 448A Air Transport (Licensing of Air Services) Regulations 448B Hong Kong Civil Aviation (Investigation of Accidents) Regulations 448C Air Navigation (Hong Kong) Order 1995 448D Hong
Scale: VTC, VNC, WAC
Ref VFRG Chapter 1 P.5 1 cm in below charts – VTC : 1.35 NM (Nautical Miles) VNC : 2.7 NM (Nautical Miles) WAC : 5.4 NM (Nautical Miles) Visual terminal charts (VTC) simplified topographical charts highlighting features/ structures helpful to visual navigation at a 1:250,000 scale with airspace detail Visual navigation charts (VNC)
如何做用Australia legislation search
https://www.legislation.gov.au 經過慘痛經驗 終算有個小心得。 話說我要搵 CAO 20.4 有關oxygen usage 既requirement, 原來關鍵字要咁樣： civil aviation order 20.4 civil aviation order 20.11 如此類推
Supplemental Oxygen Requirements (Provision of oxygen)
USA : 12,500 feetAustralia : 10 000 feetHK: flight level （FL) 100 USA https://www.flyingmag.com/private-pilot-supplemental-oxygen-requirements/ 91.211 Supplemental oxygen. (a) General. No person may operate a civil aircraft of U.S. registry— (1) At cabin pressure altitudes above 12,500 feet (MSL) up to and including 14,000 feet (MSL) unless the required minimum flight crew is provided with and uses supplemental oxygen
Cloud formation 係放latent heat?
https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/clouds/cloud_development/clouds.htm the answer is : formation of cloud is actually a process that the latent heat released to the environment. Formation of cloud requires a continuation of the lifting process. It is assisted by the property of water of giving off heat when changing from vapor to liquid and solid states, the latent heats of
Disk brake (Disc brake)
Modern general aircarft (GA) and airliner are also use disc brake Types of disk brake (disc brake) Singel disc Multi-disc Composition of disc? Steel Carbon Modern airliner tends to use carbon multi-disc. Advantage of disc type actuator? more effective at slowing or stopping improve the issue on drum brake (less fading problem) light
Drum brakes
Drum brake – not used on modern aircraft Basic component of drum brake? Drum – the moving part ; A hollow, cylindrical metal component that is attached to the wheel hub and rotates with it. It is the surface against which the brake shoes press to create friction. Brake shoes – the static part ;
Airbus Parking Brake – Check the Pressure
Why chocks should be used? Prevent “hot brakes” situation (main reason) Simply speaking, the procedure for parking brake pressure check is : https://youtu.be/eTgVPbSk7CI?si=3aUIvvEVTQynZP7l
Clouds 雲
Ref: https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/clouds.html 雲係一種同水有關既大氣現象 A cloud is a hydrometeor consisting of minute particles of liquid water or ice, or of both, suspended in the atmosphere and usually not touching the ground. It may also include larger particles of liquid water or ice, as well as non-aqueous liquid or solid particles such as those present in fumes, smoke or
Types of meteors (WMO)
Ref : https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/general-classification-of-meteors.html (4) Four types of meteors (WMO): 水 moisture related 光 light related 電 electrical related 塵 dust and particle related Meteors present a great diversity of character. However, by considering their constituent particles or the physical processes surrounding their occurrence, meteors can be classified into four groups: hydrometeors, lithometeors, photometeors and electrometeors. 大氣現象呈現出多種多樣的特徵。但是，根據它們的組成粒子或它們發生期間的物理過程，大氣現象可以分為四組：水凝物、大氣塵粒現象、大氣光學現象 和 大氣電學現象。
meteor (流星) ; meteor (大氣現象)
Today, let us do some revision on basic. Ref : https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/en/meteorological-definition-of-a-meteor.html Meteorological definition of a meteor – according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) In meteorology, a phenomenon observed in the atmosphere or on the surface of the Earth is known as a meteor. 在氣象學中，在大氣層或地球表面觀測到的現象稱為大氣現象。 It may be a form of precipitation, a suspension
Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors (WMO)
What’s adiabatic?
Reference Adiabatic process – Wikipedia No heat transfer (= heat does not enter or leave the system) A type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. What’s Adiabatic expansion (and Adiabatic cooling)? What’s Adiabatic Compression (Adiabatic Heating)?
What’s Anabatic wind , Katabatic wind?
Ref Anabatic Wind | SKYbrary Aviation Safety, Katabatic Wind | SKYbrary Aviation Safety Air flow travelling up a facing slope of an orographic surface (eg. hill, mountain). A cold flow of air travelling down an orographic slope (eg. hill or mountain). Please be reminded that Katabatic wind does not heat up adiabatically! 而Anabatic
Brake chamber – Service chamber vs Spring chamber
https://youtu.be/exj6hz2cZds?si=JAFZh-B-3ufJ3EhH https://youtu.be/A8kQ-vABYQ4?si=qZIlAoOJ7HEf34KS
