Gust front v.s Microburst?
Microburst affect smaller area (say around 2.5 miles), and short-lived (last for 5-10 minutes) Gust front affect wider area (say up to 20 miles) A microburst is a small concentrated downburst that produces an outward burst of strong winds at or near the surface. Microbursts are small — less than 4 km across — and short-lived, lasting
Typical causes of windshear and turbulence at VHHH?
Ref: https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/aviat/articles/files/booklet_4th_edition.pdf (6) Six typical causes of windshear and turbulence in Hong Kong: Terrain induced strong winds blowing across the hills over Lantau Island to the south of the airport (account for 75% of reported windshear) Sea breeze account for 15% of reported windshear Gust front (thunderstorm related) Microburst (thunderstorm related) Building induced Low level
Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR) – 一個同turbulence intensity 有關既詞彙!
Reference: https://www.flyingmag.com/how-do-you-interpret-an-eddy-dissipation-rate/ EDR quantifies turbulence for a specific aircraft, and it’s not a measure of the likelihood of turbulence—just the intensity. ERR – Eddy Dissipation Rate 的三件事 refer to specific aircraft (type specific) describe the intensity of turbulence 同turbulence 發生機率無關 EDR 愈高代表Turbulence 對果類機既影響愈大 EDR is an observed or forecast value that is
VHHH windshear and turbulence information
Reference: https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/aviat/articles/files/booklet_4th_edition.pdf Two ways to deliver W/S or TURB information in VHHH Warning – via Voice-ATIS, Digital-ATIS (D-ATIS) Alert – generated automatically by the real time “up-to-the-minute” Windshear and Turbulence Warning System (WTWS), but passed to the aircraft via ATC Two levels of of Windshear alerts Microburst alert (MBA) – expect headwind loss of
Turbulence v.s Wind Shear
With reference to HKO publication: Windshear – sustained change (i.e lasting more than a few seconds as experienced by the aircraft) in the wind direction and/or speed, resulting in a change in the headwind or tailwind encountered by an aircraft change in lift (usually decrease lift), and cause the aircraft to go below the intended
Thunderstorm, CB?
(4) four main types of thunderstorm Single-cell small, and isolated storm Multi-cell a cluster of single-cell Squall line a line of thunderstorm Super cell very strong thunderstorm, and capable of producting tornadoes Criteria of forming thunderstorm (CB) unstable atmoshpere (warm air) moisture (larage amount) lifting mechanism (trigger action) (5) five types of lifting
Just culture
Also take reference: https://www.caa.co.uk/media/sf3eiszu/fwm20160629_06_just-culture.pdf A culture in which front-line operators or other persons are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are with their experience and training, but in which gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts are.
Indication of coffin corner on PFD?
On Boeing aircraft, the red barber pole is the indication of approaching coffin corner~ What’s coffin corner?
DME – Distance Measure Equipment
Function of DME? provide distance information (measure the slant distance between the DME station and aircraft) Component of DME? DME ground station (usually combined with VOR) Aircraft DME unit Principle of DME? DME unit onboard the aircraft, that send out interrogation signal to ground DME station Ground DEM station give reply – send
ILS-Z, Y, X?
What can be different? ILS frequency Waypoint Descend profile CAT type RNP requirement MAP (miss-approach) procedure
CX Routes
Europe France Paris CET/UTC+1 CEST/ UTCs+2 HKG-CDG CX261 77W 5187 NM FT: 13:15 STD: 2350LT STA: 0735LT CDG-HKG CX260 77W 5187 NM FT: 11:15 STD: 1210LT STA: 0615LT Germany Frankfurt CET/UTC+1 CEST/ UTCs+2 HKG-FRA CX289 359/35K 4952 NM FT: 12:40 STD: 2355LT STA: 0715LT FRA-HKG CX288 359/35K 4952 NM FT:
ILS – Instrument Landing System
ILS (Instrument Landing System) is used for precision approach, particular useful for low visibility condition and/or bad weather. Component of ILS Localizer Glide slope Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) or Marker Beacons Runway lights 留意飛機方向!!! Function of each components: Localizer Guide the aircraft to the centerline of the runway (lateral guidance) Glide slope Guide the
