東單西雙 – How do pilots decide how high they fly?
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Force involved on airframe
Compression v.s Tension (in between bending) Shear v.s Torsion
Why commercial airline pilot?
https://www.facebook.com/share/r/NYyyXRShUyjJgiH7/?mibextid=xCPwDs
Sustainable Aviation Fuel
https://youtu.be/04XFMjMOymk?si=1Zj2nOzHij02ZW5D https://youtu.be/oqma_OmJ1vE?si=PJAeg2H3Kz2FAljH
Bus Captain, Airbus Captain?
Passenger’s safety is always of the utmost importance. When a doctor makes a mistake, only one patient dies, while a pilot’s mistake can impact the lives of hundreds. We don’t need a hero, but we need a trustworthy operator! We are duty-bound, morally and professionally, to operate the plane (bus) as safely as possible. I
Good judgment
Good judgment comes from experience; experience comes from mistakes; and mistakes are often a result of bad judgment.
Communication skills
What skills do a pilot need? https://youtu.be/ZEPngQzXWe0?si=vyj5WzrfaKLR77Yx
Toxic
Carbon monoxide Feature: colorless odorless tasteless non-irritating Symptoms: drowsiness loss of muscular power unconsciousness coma and death Pilot actions: shut off heating (cabin heat), and open fresh air vents Ref: https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/systems/avoid-carbon-monoxide-poisoning-on-winter-flights/
Hyperventilation
Ref: https://skybrary.aero/articles/hyperventilation Symptoms of hyperventilation Tingling stiffening spasm visual impairment anxiety dizziness unconsciousness Hyperventilation vs Hypoxia below 10,000 feet in general (in contrast, hypoxia at high level) Treatment administer oxygen paper bag method
Hypoxia
Four (4) major types of hypoxia –> Cause: Hypoxic Hypoxia –> Altitude insufficient O2 in breathing air Hypaemic (Anaemic) Hypoxia –> Blood Reduction in the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Stagnant Hypoxia –> Circulation inadequate circulation (e.g during positive-G manoeuvres) Histototic Hypoxia –>Drug alcohol, certain poisons Symptoms of hypoxia peripheral vision -> blur
Human Factor
History of human factors It’s better to lose one minute of your life than losing your life in one minute Examples: Germanwings Flight 9525 Crash Tenerife 1977 Asiana Flight 214
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
CRM – Crew Resource Management The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment. It was initially known as cockpit resources management, but as CRM programs evolved to include cabin crews, maintenance personnel, and others, the phrase crew resource management was adopted. This includes single pilots, as in the most general aviation aircraft.
Mach Crit (Mcrit)?
Ref FAA PHAK 5-45 What’s Mcrit – Mach Crit? Ans: airflow over any part of the aircraft or structure under consideration first reaches (but does not exceed) Mach 1.0. Design of increase Mcrit (delay occurrence of shock wave) ? Thin airfoil (reduce the thickness) drawbacks: reduce the wing tank volumn Sweepback drawbacks: need to
Sweepback
Ref FAA PHAK What’s sweepback? Ans: the wind tilted backward Feature of sweepback? sweep back design is common for modern airliner (for transonic flight) sweep back design has significance on the movement around longitudinal axis (lateral stability) Important: don’t mix up “Sweepback” with “Taper” Taper: decrease of thickness and/or chord from wing root to wing
Shock wave
Ref FAA PHAK 5-47 What’s Shock wave? Ans: The boundary between the region of compressed air and undisturbed air. Or we can say it is the boundary between supersonic and subsonic range. Ref: https://youtu.be/N3SwZzb5EpA?si=HIXfwRaunRA7VfxQ
Mach number – Sonic, subsonic, transonic?
Ref FAA PHAK 5-44 to 5-51 Mach number is a kind of true airspeed indication method, it makes relationship with local speed of sound (LSS). Mach number = True Airspeed / Local Speed of Sound (LSS) LSS = 39 x sq root of Temperature (K) Note: C + 273 = K By FAA book’s
Question: if you are a load control officer, forward CG or aft CG is better for performance?
Provided that the aircraft remain with safe envelope, in general, aft CG (load cargo at rear compartment) has better performance. An aft center of gravity position/hold loading, for aircraft (especially jet/swept wing) with a nose-up en route attitude will allow it to achieve its maximum possible range. An aft center of gravity position, normally is
