What’s area rule?
May 19, 2024
Why 747 design as semi-upper deck (i.e Why 747 has its hump?) Every design happens with its reasons! Today, I have just known this vary interesting rule – area rule! Note: it is ATPL – AGK (airframe) topic, if it is too difficult for you at this moment, leave it some day you need it.
What’s keel beam?
May 19, 2024
What’s keel beam? The structure runs along the fuselage centerline through wing center section area. The keel beam is providing essential support, rigidity, and load-bearing capabilities.
What’s EASA – European Union Aviation Safety Agency?
May 19, 2024
European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is the regulatory authority responsible for the airworthiness and environmental certification of all aeronautical products, parts, and appliances designed, manufactured, maintained or used by persons under the regulatory oversight of EU Member States.
到底著邊隻Engine先? Engine 又係點Start? 點解用單一隻Engine Taxi?
May 19, 2024
Which engine should be started first? The most simply way to understand is that it is instructed by the SOP. But you may ask why? Indeed, the starting sequence of a modern jetliner is related to the hydraulic braking system. The brake system is functioning properly by the hydraulic power. The hydraulic pump is run
What’s Engine No.1 ? Engine number 點分?
May 19, 2024
經常聽到Engine No.1 又或者咩咩咩No.1 …到底Engine D Number 點分? It’s very simply: view from the tail to the front – front pilot seat perspective, the most left engine from fuselage on port side it No.1, following by that is No.2 and so on. So, using the 727 as an example, the one mounted at tail is
What’s PAN-PAN call?
May 19, 2024
PAN-PAN call is the ICAO standard phraseology used as a preface to a radio transmission to indicate a state of urgency requiring priority, BUT for the time being, it does not pose an immediate danger to life or to the aircraft itself.
東單西雙 – How do pilots decide how high they fly?
May 19, 2024
Protected: Abnormal and Emergency
May 17, 2024
There is no excerpt because this is a protected post.
Force involved on airframe
May 16, 2024
Compression v.s Tension (in between bending) Shear v.s Torsion
Toxic
May 11, 2024
Carbon monoxide Feature: colorless odorless tasteless non-irritating Symptoms: drowsiness loss of muscular power unconsciousness coma and death Pilot actions: shut off heating (cabin heat), and open fresh air vents Ref: https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/systems/avoid-carbon-monoxide-poisoning-on-winter-flights/
Hyperventilation
May 11, 2024
Ref: https://skybrary.aero/articles/hyperventilation Symptoms of hyperventilation Tingling stiffening spasm visual impairment anxiety dizziness unconsciousness Hyperventilation vs Hypoxia below 10,000 feet in general (in contrast, hypoxia at high level) Treatment administer oxygen paper bag method
Hypoxia
May 11, 2024
Four (4) major types of hypoxia –> Cause: Hypoxic Hypoxia –> Altitude insufficient O2 in breathing air Hypaemic (Anaemic) Hypoxia –> Blood Reduction in the O2 carrying capacity of the blood Stagnant Hypoxia –> Circulation inadequate circulation (e.g during positive-G manoeuvres) Histototic Hypoxia –>Drug alcohol, certain poisons Symptoms of hypoxia peripheral vision -> blur
Human Factor
May 11, 2024
History of human factors It’s better to lose one minute of your life than losing your life in one minute Examples: Germanwings Flight 9525 Crash Tenerife 1977 Asiana Flight 214
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
May 10, 2024
CRM – Crew Resource Management The application of team management concepts in the flight deck environment. It was initially known as cockpit resources management, but as CRM programs evolved to include cabin crews, maintenance personnel, and others, the phrase crew resource management was adopted. This includes single pilots, as in the most general aviation aircraft.
Mach Crit (Mcrit)?
May 10, 2024
Ref FAA PHAK 5-45 What’s Mcrit – Mach Crit? Ans: airflow over any part of the aircraft or structure under consideration first reaches (but does not exceed) Mach 1.0. Design of increase Mcrit (delay occurrence of shock wave) ? Thin airfoil (reduce the thickness) drawbacks: reduce the wing tank volumn Sweepback drawbacks: need to
Sweepback
May 10, 2024
Ref FAA PHAK What’s sweepback? Ans: the wind tilted backward Feature of sweepback? sweep back design is common for modern airliner (for transonic flight) sweep back design has significance on the movement around longitudinal axis (lateral stability) Important: don’t mix up “Sweepback” with “Taper” Taper: decrease of thickness and/or chord from wing root to wing
Shock wave
May 10, 2024
Ref FAA PHAK 5-47 What’s Shock wave? Ans: The boundary between the region of compressed air and undisturbed air. Or we can say it is the boundary between supersonic and subsonic range. Ref: https://youtu.be/N3SwZzb5EpA?si=HIXfwRaunRA7VfxQ
Mach number – Sonic, subsonic, transonic?
May 10, 2024
Ref FAA PHAK 5-44 to 5-51 Mach number is a kind of true airspeed indication method, it makes relationship with local speed of sound (LSS). Mach number = True Airspeed / Local Speed of Sound (LSS) LSS = 39 x sq root of Temperature (K) Note: C + 273 = K By FAA book’s
