Back to basic: \u63f8\u8eca\u5c31\u7121instrument driving…\u4e0d\u904e\u7747\u9ece\u6307\u65e5\u53ef\u5f85…\u8b1b\u756a\u63f8\u98db\u6a5f…<\/p>\n
Reference: Skybrary, VFRG (CASA)<\/a><\/p>\n VFR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Visual Flight Rules (VFR) are the rules that govern the operation of aircraft in\u00a0Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC)<\/a>\u00a0(conditions in which flight solely by visual reference is possible). Because of the limited communication and\/or navigation equipment required for VFR flight, a VFR aircraft may be subject to limitations if and when it is permitted in\u00a0controlled airspace<\/a>. Any conditions are detailed in national\u00a0Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs)<\/a>.<\/p>\n Minimum requirements for VFR flight are detailed in EU-OPS 1 and JAR-OPS 3.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n IFR<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) are rules which allow properly equipped aircraft to be flown under\u00a0instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n IFR are detailed in ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air, Chapter 5: Instrument Flight Rules.<\/p>\n JAR-OPS 1.652 and associated guidance material specifies the flight and navigational instruments and associated equipment required for IFR or night operations. This may be supplemented by requirements contained in national\u00a0Aeronautical Information Publications (AIPs)<\/a>.\u00a0Minimum equipment lists (MELs)<\/a>\u00a0detail the conditions under which IFR flight may be commenced or continued when elements of aircraft equipment are unserviceable.<\/p>\n JAR-OPS 1.960 details qualification requirements for pilots to carry out IFR flights.<\/p>\n