{"id":10276,"date":"2026-01-24T13:00:49","date_gmt":"2026-01-24T05:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/?p=10276"},"modified":"2026-02-01T12:42:55","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T04:42:55","slug":"surface-wind-geostrophic-wind-upper-wind-thermal-wind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/my-diaries\/surface-wind-geostrophic-wind-upper-wind-thermal-wind\/","title":{"rendered":"Surface wind, Geostrophic wind, Upper wind (thermal wind)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What\u2019s wind?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>horizontal movement of air due to pressure differences in various places<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Surface wind <\/strong>is the geostrophic wind modified by friction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Geostrophic wind <\/strong>is the wind of which direction parallel to straight isobar. The strength is depended on spacing between isobars<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Upper wind (thermal wind)<\/strong> is determined by thermal gradient.  For example, the jet stream.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What\u2019s wind? horizontal movement of air due to pressure differences in various places Surface wind is the geostrophic wind modified by friction Geostrophic wind is the wind of which direction parallel to straight isobar. The strength is depended on spacing between isobars Upper wind (thermal wind) is determined by thermal gradient. For example, the jet<a class=\"read-more \" href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/my-diaries\/surface-wind-geostrophic-wind-upper-wind-thermal-wind\/\" title=\"Read More\"> <span class=\"button default\">Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aviation","category-my-diaries"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10276"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10278,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10276\/revisions\/10278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}