{"id":10166,"date":"2025-08-30T14:13:28","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T06:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/?p=10166"},"modified":"2025-09-13T10:55:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T02:55:16","slug":"%e6%ba%ab%e6%95%85%e7%9f%a5%e6%96%b0%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e4%b9%8b-propeller-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/aviation\/%e6%ba%ab%e6%95%85%e7%9f%a5%e6%96%b0%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e4%b9%8b-propeller-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6eab\u6545\u77e5\u65b0\u7cfb\u5217\u4e4b Propeller System"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5462\u500b\u79ae\u62dc\u5c31\u7747\u4e0bPropeller System<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fixed-Pitch Propeller<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Low Pitch (high rpm) for climb<\/p>\n<p>High Pitch (low rpm) for cruise<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The<strong> climb<\/strong> propeller has a <strong>lower pitch<\/strong>, therefore <strong>less drag<\/strong>. Less drag results in<strong> higher rpm<\/strong> and more horsepower capability, which increases performance during takeoffs and climbs but decreases performance during cruising flight.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>cruise<\/strong> propeller has a <strong>higher pitch<\/strong>, therefore <strong>more drag<\/strong>. More drag results in<strong> lower rpm<\/strong> and less horsepower capability, which decreases performance during takeoffs and climbs but <strong>increases efficiency<\/strong> during cruising flight.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Constant Speed Prop<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How a Constant Speed Propeller Works | Commercial Pilot Training\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QcxLottMghg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>How airspeed or throttle setting affect the blade angle?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Once a specific rpm is selected, a governor automatically adjusts the propeller blade angle as necessary to maintain the selected rpm.<\/p>\n<p>For example, after setting the desired rpm during cruising flight, an <strong>increase in airspeed<\/strong> or decrease in propeller load causes the <strong>propeller blade angle to increase<\/strong> as necessary to maintain the selected rpm. A reduction in airspeed or increase in propeller load causes the propeller blade angle to decrease.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Constant Speed Propeller: See How it Works with Animated Propeller Blade\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BlCYF4WqfpM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DA42 Propeller System<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Propeller System\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EAzYAwh34o0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"How does CONSTANT SPEED PROPELLER work?\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kCSKhDL0bXM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>Why the blade is twisted?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10170\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1623\" height=\"819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula.png 1623w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-1024x517.png 1024w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-1536x775.png 1536w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-360x182.png 360w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-750x379.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1623px) 100vw, 1623px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10172\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1483\" height=\"875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2.png 1483w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2-1024x604.png 1024w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2-768x453.png 768w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Blade-Velocity-Formula-2-1170x690.png 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1483px) 100vw, 1483px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Understand Airplane Propellers | Theory | Aerodynamics\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9nvMzdYVWwQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>Fine, Course, Feather?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10176\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"937\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position.png 1473w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position-1024x612.png 1024w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Fine-position-768x459.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10177\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"933\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position.png 1493w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position-1024x603.png 1024w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Course-pitch-position-1170x690.png 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 933px) 100vw, 933px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10178\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"930\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position.png 1451w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position-1024x627.png 1024w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-position-768x471.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-Propeller.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10186\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-Propeller.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"639\" height=\"820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-Propeller.png 639w, https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Feather-Propeller-234x300.png 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Feathering<\/strong> propellers must be used on <strong>multi-engine aircraft (with constant-speed propeller)<\/strong>\u00a0to<strong> reduce propeller drag<\/strong> to a minimum under one or more<strong> engine failure conditions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>the propeller blade angle parallel to the line of flight (approximately 90\u00b0)<\/li>\n<li>With the blades <strong>feathered<\/strong>, the <strong>propeller stops turning<\/strong> and <strong>minimum windmilling<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Feathering is important because of the <strong>change in parasite drag<\/strong> with propeller blade angle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Important Concept: single-engine airplanes v.s multiengine airplanes<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><em><strong>(Ref : <\/strong><strong>Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C) Chapter 13)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>As a review, the constant-speed propellers on almost all <strong>single-engine airplanes (Hartzell propellers)<\/strong> are of the <strong>non-feathering, oil-pressure-to-increase pitch design.<\/strong> In this design, <strong>increased oil pressure<\/strong> from the propeller governor drives the blade angle<strong> towards high pitch<\/strong>, <strong>low rpm.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In contrast, the constant-speed propellers installed on most <strong>multiengine airplanes<\/strong> are<strong> full feathering, counterweighted, oil-pressure-to decrease-pitch designs.<\/strong> In this design, increased oil pressure from the propeller governor drives the blade angle toward low pitch, high rpm\u2014away from the feather blade angle. In effect, the only thing that keeps these propellers from feathering is a constant supply of high-pressure engine oil. This is a necessity to <strong>enable propeller feathering in the event of a loss of oil pressure<\/strong> or a propeller governor failure.<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u5169\u500b\u5f15\u64ce\u65e2\u98db\u6a5f\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u908a\u5f15\u64ce\u6642\uff0c\u543efeather \u5c31\u59d0\u4fc2\u5728windmill \u60c5\u6cc1 (low pitch, high rpm)&#8230;\u53cd\u800c\u6703create \u597d\u5927\u65e2drag, \u6240\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\u8981\u505a\u5230\u7528engine \u8f49\u5148\u6703\u6709\u6cb9\u53bbset the blade to low pitch (high rpm) &#8211; \u5373\u7121\u6cb9\u8b8afeather (high pitch, low rpm, reduce drag).<\/p>\n<p>\u55ae\u5f15\u64ce\u7528constant speed propeller (e.g Hartzell propellers)\uff0c\u4f62\u65e2\u904b\u4f5c\u540c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u96d9\u5f15\u64ce\u65e2constant speed propeller \u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u53cd!!!<br \/>\n\u7576Enginge \u8f49\u5c31\u6703\u6709oil, \u53cd\u800c\u662f\u7528oil to set the blade to high pitch angle (low rpm, reduce drag) &#8211; e.g during cruise&#8230;\u5462\u985epropeller \u4fc2\u7121\u6cb9\u6642\u5019\u53cd\u800c\u6703\u53bbwindmilling \u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5373 low pitch (high rpm), \u96d6\u7136\u597d\u5927drag, \u4f46\u9593\u63a5\u7528drag (aerodynamic force) \u53bb\u505a\u985e\u4f3chand prop\u65e2\u52d5\u4f5c, \u7747\u4e0b\u53ef\u543e\u53ef\u4ee5restart \u500bengine, \u5982\u679c\u543e\u5f97\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u56e0\u70badesign \u6703\u505a\u6210\u597d\u5927\u65e2drag!<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"feathering of propeller #aircraft #propeller\" width=\"563\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UaHM9MR0-Sc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NTSB Safety Alert - Know When to Feather Your Propeller If One Engine Loses Power\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZBlJLTKRYGk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"PT6 Prop Governor Operation\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nDcdRmtoaIw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Why Feather a Windmilling Propeller\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UvSWxJ70xv8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7d93\u5e38\u90fd\u8b1b&#8230;\u63f8constand speed prop \u65e2\u6a5f\u597d\u8b1b\u7a76rpm lever \u5148\u5b9a throttle lever \u5148&#8230;\u7db2\u4e0a\u5c31\u6559 &#8220;Keep the Prop on Top&#8221; Principle<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5Increasing power \u5c31 \u53f3\u81f3\u5de6 ; \u53cd\u4e4b Decreasing power \u5c31\u5de6\u5230\u53f3 &#8212; \u5481\u5c31\u6703\u505a\u5230 rpm control on top<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u9ede\u89e3&#8230;\u5c31\u4fc2\u6211\u6c38\u9060\u60f3\u505a\u5230\u4fc2\u7528engine \u63a8\u500bprop \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u8f49\u9ece&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/krepelka.com\/fsweb\/lessons\/commercial\/commerciallessons01.htm<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/lesson01_17a.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10226\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/lesson01_17a.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"293\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/lesson01_17b.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10227\" src=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/lesson01_17b.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"293\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When both manifold pressure and rpm need to be changed, <strong>avoid engine overstress<\/strong> by making power adjustments in the proper order:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When power settings are being increased \u2014increase rpm first, then manifold pressure.<\/li>\n<li>When power settings are being decreased, reduce manifold pressure before reducing rpm.<br \/>\n(If rpm is reduced before manifold pressure, manifold pressure automatically increases, possibly exceeding the manufacturer\u2019s tolerances.)<\/li>\n<li>To prevent damage to radial engines, minimize operating time at maximum rpm and manifold pressure, and avoid operation at maximum rpm and low manifold pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5462\u500b\u79ae\u62dc\u5c31\u7747\u4e0bPropeller System Fixed-Pitch Propeller Low Pitch (high rpm) for climb High Pitch (low rpm) for cruise The climb propeller has a lower pitch, therefore less drag. Less drag results in higher rpm and more horsepower capability, which increases performance during takeoffs and climbs but decreases performance during cruising flight. The cruise propeller has a higher<a class=\"read-more \" href=\"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/aviation\/%e6%ba%ab%e6%95%85%e7%9f%a5%e6%96%b0%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e4%b9%8b-propeller-system\/\" title=\"Read More\"> <span class=\"button default\">Read More<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aviation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10166"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10230,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10166\/revisions\/10230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tommykwan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}